Vaping-associated Lung Injury

Ventilator-associated lung injury.

Mechanical ventilation of disease-affected lungs, as well as being an inadequate mode of ventilation for initially healthy lungs, can cause significant changes in their structure and function. In order to differentiate these processes, two terms are used: ventilator-associated lung injury (VALI) and ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). In both cases, lung injury primarily results from differe...

Uremia-associated cardiovascular and lung injury

A 23-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with severe dyspnea. She reported progressively worsening dyspnea during the previous 2 weeks. She had a history of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) due to chronic glomerulonephritis. The patient had been maintained on peritoneal dialysis (PD) for 3 years. The PD prescription consisted of three 2 L exchanges per day, 1.5% dextrose solution...

Pancreatitis-associated acute lung injury: new insights.

Uraemia-associated cardiovascular and lung injury

Sir, Dr Yuan recently reported the interesting case of a 23year-old dialysis patient with extensive calcifications, including lung calcifications [1]. We similarly encountered a young patient who had developed severe lung calcifications, which proved reversible after intensifying the dialysis regimen and optimization of the calcium–phosphate regulation. This patient is a 29-year-old woman with ...

Hyperoxic acute lung injury and ventilator-induced/associated lung injury: new insights into intracellular signaling pathways

In patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), supportive therapy with mechanical ventilation and oxygen is often life saving. Further acute lung injury however, is an unfortunate consequence of oxygen therapy as well as mechanical injury secondary to ventilator induced/associated lung injury (VI/ALI). In this issue of Critical Care, Li et al. expand on the intra-cellular signalin...